Sefe ea limolek'hule ke thepa e nang le masoba (masoba a manyenyane haholo) a boholo bo lekanang. Bophara ba masoba ana bo tšoana ka boholo le limolek'hule tse nyane, kahoo limolek'hule tse kholo li ke ke tsa kena kapa tsa monngoa, ha limolek'hule tse nyane li ka etsa joalo. Ha motsoako oa limolek'hule o ntse o falla ka har'a bethe e sa sisinyeheng ea ntho e nang le masoba, e tiileng hanyane e bitsoang sefe (kapa matrix), likarolo tsa boima bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba limolek'hule (tse sa khoneng ho feta ka har'a masoba a limolek'hule) li tloha betheng pele, li lateloa ke limolek'hule tse nyane ka ho latellana. Lisefe tse ling tsa limolek'hule li sebelisoa ho chromatography ea ho tlosa boholo, mokhoa oa karohano o hlophisang limolek'hule ho latela boholo ba tsona. Lisefe tse ling tsa limolek'hule li sebelisoa e le li-desiccant (mehlala e meng e kenyelletsa mashala a sebetsang le gel ea silica).
Bophara ba pore ea sefe ea limolek'hule bo lekanngoa ka ångströms (Å) kapa nanometers (nm). Ho ea ka notation ea IUPAC, thepa ea li-microporous e na le bophara ba li-pore bo ka tlase ho 2 nm (20 Å) 'me thepa ea li-macroporous e na le bophara ba li-pore bo fetang 50 nm (500 Å); sehlopha sa mesoporous ka hona se bohareng ka bophara ba li-pore bo pakeng tsa 2 le 50 nm (20–500 Å).
Lisebelisoa
Lisefe tsa limolek'hule e ka ba thepa e nang le masoba a manyenyane, mesoporous, kapa macroporous.
Thepa e nang le masoba a manyane (
●Zeolite (liminerale tsa aluminosilicate, ha lia lokela ho ferekanngoa le silicate ea aluminium)
●Zeolite LTA: 3–4 Å
●Khalase e nang le masoba: 10 Å (1 nm), le hodimo
●Khabone e sebetsang: 0–20 Å (0–2 nm), le hodimo
●Matsopa
●Metswako e kopaneng ea Montmorillonite
●Halloysite (endellite): Ho fumanoa mefuta e 'meli e tloaelehileng, ha letsopa le nosetsoa, le bontša sebaka sa 1 nm sa mekhahlelo 'me ha le omella (meta-halloysite) sebaka ke 0.7 nm. Halloysite ka tlhaho e hlaha e le lisilindara tse nyane tse bophara ba 30 nm ka bolelele bo pakeng tsa 0.5 le 10 micrometers.
Thepa e sa bonahaleng (2–50 nm)
Silicon dioxide (e sebelisetsoang ho etsa gel ea silica): 24 Å (2.4 nm)
Thepa e nang le masoba a maholo (>50 nm)
Silica e nang le masoba a maholo, 200–1000 Å (20–100 nm)
Lisebelisoa
Hangata li-sefe tsa limolek'hule li sebelisoa indastering ea peterole, haholo-holo bakeng sa ho omisa melapo ea khase. Mohlala, indastering ea khase ea tlhaho e metsi (LNG), metsi a khase a hloka ho fokotsoa ho ba ka tlase ho 1 ppmv ho thibela ho thibana ho bakoang ke leqhoa kapa methane clathrate.
Ka laboratoring, ho sefa limolek'hule ho sebelisoa ho omisa solvent. "Lisefa" li ipakile li le betere ho feta mekhoa ea setso ea ho omisa, eo hangata e sebelisang li-desiccant tse matla.
Tlas'a lentsoe zeolites, li-sieve tsa limolek'hule li sebelisoa bakeng sa mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso tsa catalytic. Li susumetsa isomerization, alkylation, le epoxidation, 'me li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse kholo tsa indasteri, ho kenyeletsoa le hydrocracking le fluid catalytic cracking.
Li boetse li sebelisoa ho sefeng moea bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa ho hema, mohlala tse sebelisoang ke ba qoelang metsing le ba timang mollo. Litšebelisong tse joalo, moea o fanoa ke compressor ea moea 'me o fetisetsoa ka har'a sefe ea cartridge eo, ho latela ts'ebeliso, e tlatsoang ka sefe ea limolek'hule le/kapa carbon e sebetsang, qetellong e sebelisetsoang ho tjhaja litanka tsa moea tse hemang. Sefeng se joalo se ka tlosa likaroloana le lihlahisoa tsa mosi oa compressor phepelong ea moea o hemang.
Tumello ea FDA.
Ho tloha ka la 1 Mmesa, 2012, FDA ea Amerika e amohetse sodium aluminosilicate bakeng sa ho kopana ka ho toba le lintho tse ka jeoang tlas'a 21 CFR 182.2727. Pele ho tumello ena, European Union e ne e sebelisitse li-seeve tsa limolek'hule tse nang le meriana 'me liteko tse ikemetseng li ile tsa fana ka maikutlo a hore li-seeve tsa limolek'hule li fihlela litlhoko tsohle tsa mmuso empa indasteri e ne e sa ikemisetsa ho lefella liteko tse turang tse hlokahalang bakeng sa tumello ea mmuso.
Tsosoloso
Mekhoa ea ho tsosolosa li-sefa tsa limolek'hule e kenyelletsa phetoho ea khatello (joalo ka li-concentrator tsa oksijene), ho futhumatsa le ho hloekisa ka khase e tsamaisang (joalo ka ha e sebelisoa ho felloa ke metsi ha ethanol), kapa ho futhumatsa tlas'a vacuum e phahameng. Mocheso oa ho tsosolosa o tloha ho 175 °C (350 °F) ho isa ho 315 °C (600 °F) ho latela mofuta oa sefe ea limolek'hule. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, gel ea silica e ka tsosolosoa ka ho e futhumatsa ka ontong e tloaelehileng ho isa ho 120 °C (250 °F) ka lihora tse peli. Leha ho le joalo, mefuta e meng ea gel ea silica e tla "phunya" ha e pepesehetse metsi a lekaneng. Sena se bakoa ke ho robeha ha li-sphere tsa silica ha li kopana le metsi.
| Mohlala | Bophara ba masoba (Ångström) | Bongata ba bongata (g/ml) | Metsi a amohuoang (% w/w) | Tšebeliso | |
| 3Å | 3 | 0.60–0.68 | 19–20 | 0.3–0.6 | Ho ntsha lero la komelloeapetsoha ha olikhase le alkenes, ho monya ha H2O ka tsela e ikgethileng hokhalase e sirelelitsoeng (IG)le polyurethane, ho omisa hamafura a ethanolbakeng sa ho kopanya le peterole. |
| 4Å | 4 | 0.60–0.65 | 20–21 | 0.3–0.6 | Ho monya metsi ka hare hosodium aluminosilicatee amohetsoeng ke FDA (shebaka tlase) e sebelisoa e le sefe ea limolek'hule ka har'a lijana tsa bongaka ho boloka litaba li omme ebile li le joalo kalijo tse eketsang lijoho ba leNomoro ea elektronikiE-554 (sesebelisoa se thibelang ho kenngwa ha metsi); E kgethwa bakeng sa ho felloa ke metsi ka hara ditsamaiso tse kwetsweng tsa metsi kapa tsa kgase, mohlala, ka hara diphutheloana tsa meriana, dikarolo tsa motlakase le dikhemikhale tse senyehang; ho ntsha metsi ka hara ditsamaiso tsa khatiso le tsa polasetiki le ho omisa melapo ya hydrocarbon e tletseng metsi. Mefuta e monyetsweng e kenyeletsa SO2, CO2, H2S, C2H4, C2H6, le C3H6. Ka kakaretso e nkuwa e le sesebediswa sa ho omisa se akaretsang mecheng ya polar le e seng polar;[12]karohano eakhase ea tlhaholeli-alkenes, ho monngoa ha metsi libakeng tse sa ameheng ke naetrojenepolyurethane |
| 5Å-DW | 5 | 0.45–0.50 | 21–22 | 0.3–0.6 | Ho fokotsa mafura le ho fokotsa ntlha ea ho tšela mafuralifofane parafinilediesel, le karohano ea alkenes |
| 5Å e nang le oksijene e nyane | 5 | 0.4–0.8 | ≥23 | E etselitsoe ka ho khetheha bakeng sa jenereithara ea oksijene ea bongaka kapa e phetseng hantle[ho hlokahala qotso] | |
| 5Å | 5 | 0.60–0.65 | 20–21 | 0.3–0.5 | Ho ntsha moea le ho o hlwekisa;ho felloa ke metsi 'melengleho tlosoa ha sulfurea khase ea tlhaho lekhase ea peterole e metsi;oksijenelehaeterojenetlhahiso eaho kopanngoa ha khatello ea khatellots'ebetso |
| 10X | 8 | 0.50–0.60 | 23–24 | 0.3–0.6 | Ho monya ho sebetsang hantle haholo, ho sebediswang ho ntsha carbon dioxide, ho tlosa khase e qhibilihisitsoeng, ho tlosa sulfurization ya khase le diedi le ho arolahydrocarbon e nkhang hamonate |
| 13X | 10 | 0.55–0.65 | 23–24 | 0.3–0.5 | Ho ntsha oli, ho e tlosa sebabole le ho e hlwekisa kgase ya peterole le kgase ya tlhaho |
| 13X-AS | 10 | 0.55–0.65 | 23–24 | 0.3–0.5 | Ho tlosa khase ea carbonle ho omella indastering ea karohano ea moea, karohano ea naetrojene ho oksijene ka har'a li-concentrator tsa oksijene |
| Cu-13X | 10 | 0.50–0.60 | 23–24 | 0.3–0.5 | Ho tswenya(ho tlosoa hamaqheku) eamafura a lifofanele tse tsamaellanangli-hydrocarbon tse metsi |
Bokhoni ba ho monya metsi
3Å
Foromo e hakanyetsoang ea lik'hemik'hale: ((K2O)2⁄3 (Na2O)1⁄3) • Al2O3• 2 SiO2 • 9/2 H2O
Karolelano ea silica-alumina: SiO2/ Al2O3≈2
Tlhahiso
3 Lisefe tsa limolek'hule li hlahisoa ka phapanyetsano ea cation eapotasiamobakeng sasodiumka har'a lisefo tsa limolek'hule tse 4A (Sheba ka tlase)
Tšebeliso
Lisefe tsa limolek'hule tsa 3Å ha li monye limolek'hule tseo bophara ba tsona bo fetang 3Å. Litšobotsi tsa lisefe tsena tsa limolek'hule li kenyelletsa lebelo le potlakileng la ho monya, bokhoni ba ho nchafatsa khafetsa, khanyetso e ntle ea ho pshatla lekhanyetso ea tšilafalo. Litšobotsi tsena li ka ntlafatsa bokhoni le bophelo bohle ba sefe. Lisefe tsa limolek'hule tsa 3Å ke desiccant e hlokahalang indastering ea peterole le lik'hemik'hale bakeng sa ho hloekisa oli, polymerization, le ho omisa botebo ba khase le mokelikeli ka lik'hemik'hale.
Lisefe tsa limolek'hule tsa 3Å li sebelisetsoa ho omisa mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa, joalo kaethanol, moea,lihatsetsing,khase ea tlhaholeli-hydrocarbon tse sa koaheloangTse latelang li kenyelletsa khase e petsohang,asetilene,ethylene,propylenelebutadiene.
Sefe ea limolek'hule ea 3Å e sebelisoa ho tlosa metsi ethanoleng, eo hamorao e ka sebelisoang ka ho toba e le bio-fuel kapa ka tsela e sa tobang ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tse kang lik'hemik'hale, lijo, meriana le tse ling. Kaha ho qhibilihisa metsi ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng ho ke ke ha tlosa metsi 'ohle (sehlahisoa se sa rateheng se tsoang tlhahisong ea ethanol) melapong ea ts'ebetso ea ethanol ka lebaka la ho thehoa haazeotropeka tekanyo e ka bang 95.6% ka boima, lifaha tsa sefe ea limolek'hule li sebelisoa ho arola ethanol le metsi boemong ba limolek'hule ka ho monya metsi ka har'a lifaha le ho lumella ethanol hore e fete ka bolokolohi. Hang ha lifaha li tletse metsi, mocheso kapa khatello li ka fetoloa, e leng se lumellang metsi ho lokolloa lifaha tsa sefe ea limolek'hule.[15]
Lisefe tsa limolek'hule tsa 3Å li bolokoa mochesong oa kamore, ka mongobo o lekanyelitsoeng o sa feteng 90%. Li koetsoe tlas'a khatello e fokotsehileng, li bolokiloe hole le metsi, li-acid le li-alkali.
4Å
Foromo ea lik'hemik'hale: Na2O•Al2O3•2SiO2•9/2H2O
Karolelano ea silicon-aluminium: 1:1 (SiO2/ Al2O3≈2)
Tlhahiso
Tlhahiso ea sefe ea 4Å e bonolo haholo kaha ha e hloke khatello e phahameng kapa mocheso o phahameng haholo. Hangata litharollo tsa metsi tsasilicate ea sodiumlesodium aluminateli kopanngoa ho 80 °C. Sehlahisoa se kentsweng ka tharollo se "kenngwa tshebetsong" ka ho "baka" ho 400 °C. Lisefe tsa 4A li sebetsa e le selelekela sa lisefe tsa 3A le 5A kaphapanyetsano ea cationeasodiumbakeng sapotasiamo(bakeng sa 3A) kapak'halsiamo(bakeng sa 5A)
Tšebeliso
Li-solvent tsa ho omisa
Lisefe tsa limolek'hule tsa 4Å li sebelisoa haholo ho omisa li-solvents tsa laboratori. Li ka monya metsi le limolek'hule tse ling tse nang le bophara bo ka tlase ho 4Å joalo ka NH3, H2S, SO2, CO2, C2H5OH, C2H6, le C2H4. Li sebelisoa haholo ho omiseng, ho hloekiseng le ho hloekiseng metsi le likhase (joalo ka ho lokisa argon).
Lisebelisoa tsa poliester[fetola]
Lisefe tsena tsa limolek'hule li sebelisoa ho thusa sesepa kaha li ka hlahisa metsi a se nang liminerale kak'halsiamophapanyetsano ea li-ion, tlosa le ho thibela ho bokellana ha litšila. Li sebelisoa haholo ho nkela sebakaphosphorusSefe ea limolek'hule ea 4Å e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho nkela sodium tripolyphosphate sebaka e le sesebelisoa se thusang sa sesepa ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea sesepa tikolohong. E ka boela ea sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa ho thibela ho ruruha.sesepamoemeli oa ho etsa le hosesepa sa meno.
Phekolo ea litšila tse kotsi
Lisefe tsa limolek'hule tsa 4Å li ka hloekisa likhoerekhoere tsa mefuta ea cationic joalo kaammoniumli-ion, Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ le Cd2+. Ka lebaka la khetho e phahameng bakeng sa NH4+ li sebelisitsoe ka katleho tšimong ho loantšaeutrophicationle ditlamorao tse ding ditseleng tsa metsi ka lebaka la di-ion tse ngata tsa ammonium. Disefe tsa dimolekhule tsa 4Å le tsona di sebediseditswe ho tlosa di-ion tse boima tsa tshepe tse teng ka metsing ka lebaka la mesebetsi ya diindasteri.
Merero e meng
Theindasteri ea tšepe: moemedi ya arolang, karohano, ho ntsha potassium ya metsi a belang,rubidium,cesium, jj.
Indasteri ea Petrochemical,sesebelisoa sa ho hotetsa,sesepa sa ho thiba molomo, se absorbent
Temo:setlolo sa mobu
Moriana: meroalo ea sileverazeolitemoemeli oa antibacterial.
5Å
Foromo ea lik'hemik'hale: 0.7CaO•0.30Na2O•Al2O3•2.0SiO2 •4.5H2O
Karolelano ea silica-alumina: SiO2/ Al2O3≈2
Tlhahiso
5 Lisefe tsa limolek'hule li hlahisoa ka phapanyetsano ea cation eak'halsiamobakeng sasodiumka har'a lisefo tsa limolek'hule tse 4A (Sheba ka holimo)
Tšebeliso
Tse hlano-ångström(5Å) lisefe tsa limolek'hule hangata li sebelisoa hooli ea peteroleindasteri, haholo-holo bakeng sa tlhoekiso ea melapo ea khase le laboratoring ea k'hemistri bakeng sa ho arolametsoakole thepa ea ho qala ea karabelo ea ho omisa. Li na le masoba a manyane a boholo bo nepahetseng le bo ts'oanang, 'me li sebelisoa haholo-holo e le sesebelisoa sa ho amoha likhase le lintho tse metsi.
Lisefe tsa limolek'hule tse hlano tsa ångström li sebelisetsoa ho omisakhase ea tlhaho, hammoho le ho etsaho tlosoa ha sulfurleho tlosa khabonetsa khase. Li ka boela tsa sebelisoa ho arola metsoako ea oksijene, naetrojene le haeterojene, le oli-wax n-hydrocarbons ho tsoa ho branched le polycyclic hydrocarbons.
Lisefe tsa limolek'hule tse hlano tsa ångström li bolokoa mochesong oa kamore, kamongobo o lekanyelitsoengka tlase ho 90% ka har'a libarele tsa khateboto kapa liphutheloana tsa khateboto. Lisefe tsa limolek'hule ha lia lokela ho pepesetsoa moeeng le metsing ka ho toba, li-acid le li-alkali li lokela ho qojoa.
Sebopeho sa li-sieve tsa limolek'hule
Lisefe tsa limolek'hule li fumaneha ka libopeho le boholo bo fapaneng. Empa lifaha tse chitja li na le molemo ho feta libopeho tse ling kaha li fana ka ho theoha ha khatello e tlase, li hanela ho honyela kaha ha li na mathoko a bohale, 'me li na le matla a matle, ke hore, matla a ho sithabela a hlokahalang ka sebaka sa yuniti a phahame. Lisefe tse ling tsa limolek'hule tse nang le lifaha li fana ka matla a tlase a mocheso kahoo litlhoko tsa matla li tlase nakong ea tsosoloso.
Molemo o mong oa ho sebelisa lisefe tsa limolek'hule tse nang le lifaha ke hore bongata ba tsona hangata bo phahame ho feta sebopeho se seng, kahoo bakeng sa tlhoko e tšoanang ea ho monya metsi, bophahamo ba sefe ea limolek'hule boa hlokahala. Kahoo ha motho a ntse a tlosa botlolong, a ka sebelisa lisefe tsa limolek'hule tse nang le lifaha, a kenya adsorbent e ngata ka bophahamo bo tšoanang, 'me a qobe liphetoho life kapa life tsa sejana.
Nako ea poso: Phupu-18-2023
